Who have seen the Taj Mahal, its crystal white, exquisitely carved figure of the dumping. This is an all white marble palace-style cemetery, is a set of Islamic and Indian architectural art in one of the ancient classics, Tagore had praise: the Taj Mahal is a tear in the cheek of time ". In the eyes of the world, the Taj Mahal is synonymous in India. This is known as the world's seven wonders of the magnificent tomb, just as the Great Wall, concentrate a great nation and ancient civilizations for thousands of years splendid culture.
Taj Mahal never get tired of it still makes people surprised. Different times in the day and different natural light, it showed different characteristics. Although it is a tomb, but it does not usually tomb of Coolness. On the contrary, you feel it seems to be floating between heaven and earth. Harmonious symmetry, gardens and reflection in the water together to create so many visitors marveled miracle. An estimated 20 000 artisans to participate in the construction of the Taj Mahal took 22 years to complete. It is said that a French and a Venetian involved in the engineering part of the work. Has not an architect record certainly involved in the construction of the mausoleum - this building is very suitable for the construction of its intention is to allow people to only remember the people in the tomb.Hours of the morning glow of the rising, rising a red accompanied Zhu wood to get the curl of the river the morning mist, as if to the Taj Mahal from sleep, it seems quiet. At noon, the Taj Mahal head blue sky, the foot of clear water and green trees, against the background of the South Asia has always been the bright sun, out come exquisitely carved, dazzling. Evening, the Taj Mahal has ushered in the most charming moment of it the day, sunset under the sun, the white of the Taj Mahal from the gray-yellow, golden yellow, and gradually become pink, dark red, cyan, as the moon slowly l onwards, eventually returning to the silver-white. In the dim moonlight, the Taj Mahal is particularly elegant, bright and charming, like the beauty of Taj Mahal in the Feelings contemplation. Allegedly, the Taj Mahal is the most beautiful time, Brightness when the empty night. The white marble mausoleum will be issued under the moonlight shine light purple, elegant Chu Chen, seems to descend to the beautiful fairy.
Architectural HistoryTaj Mahal in 1631 (the other information: 1632) commenced, which lasted 22 years (the other information: 18 years), used daily, 20,000 bonded laborers. In addition to the best architects and craftsmen to bring together all-India, has also hired the architects and craftsmen of the Middle East, Islam, is depleted treasury (total cost Rs 40 million), which led to the decline of the Mughal dynasty. Sha Jahan, King of primitive plans across the river made an identical black mausoleum for himself in the middle with half white, half black marble bridge connection, Aifei relatively sleep. Taj Mahal just completed its sub-Orange cloth (Aurangzeb) killing brother killing brother usurped the throne, Sha Jahan, the king himself was imprisoned octagonal intrauterine not far from the Taj Mahal, Agra Fort. Since the full eight years, Sha Jahan daily only through the small window, mournfully, gazing far away into the river floating reflection of the Taj Mahal, and later deterioration of vision, only refracted through a gem to watch Taj Mahal, until the final depression and died (died). But fortunately, Sha Jahan died and was buried in the Taj Mahal inside the Taj, the Aifei side.
Taj Mahal is 322 km away from the marble quarry to build, but it is not some photos of the kind of pure white building. Hundreds of thousands of precious and semi-precious stones inlaid in the marble surface, on the tomb of the text is done in black marble. A carved marble fence you can see the excellent craftsmanship. Sunlight on the fence when it cast the shadow of the change of scene. The former had silver doors inside the gold railings and a large piece of cloth dress with pearls cover the cenotaph of the queen (its position in the top of the actual burial place). The thieves stole a precious thing, many people have attempted to dig for precious stones inlaid in the marble bar, but the magnificent Taj Mahal is still people were charmed.Taj Mahal is located in a scenic area, the majestic doorway symbolizes the entrance of heaven, above the vaulted dome of the pavilion. Here originally had a silver door, inlaid with hundreds of silver nail. These things have been stolen, and now the door is made of copper.Sha Jahan would like to get in the Chu Mu River on the other side to build a black marble tomb in the same legend does not seem too much authenticity. Orange, his son, then the cloth in 1658 declared emperor, and his father under house arrest in Agra a castle for nine years until his death. Sha Jahan from the castle is far from overlooking the Taj Mahal. Later, he was buried in the Taj Mahal.The Taj Mahal represents the peak of Mughal architectural achievement. This style of mausoleum erected on a pedestal, decorated with minaret, it is to cherish and reverence same mosque. This style of commemorative tomb in the development of northern India and disappear.Hou Mai's tomb in Delhi to start in 1564, it is a prototype of the Taj Mahal, solid, dignified rather than refined, Huang Ya. 1670s Orange is cloth in Oz Aurangabad replica of a Taj Mahal for his wife, but it does not have the charm and harmony of the Taj Mahal. Another the tomb Saifudajia Tomb in Delhi started in 1753, known as the Mughal architecture is the last flash, however it is not a people make every effort to the canal to see the building. Memorial mausoleum has a standard model - a large onion-shaped dome, waterways, flowers divided into four parts builder of the Taj Mahal, the melting of these things together, to create an unparalleled building. Compared to a conspiracy hatched by Sir William Bentinck, the Governor of Bangladesh, the Taj Mahal, the theft of precious treasures may be negligible. In the 1830s, his plan for the removal of poor management, the weeds of the Taj Mahal marble shipped to London to sell. Just can not find buyers because of the marble removed from the Delhi Red Fort, the plan was dropped. Later, in 1900, when the Viceroy of India, Curzon restored the Taj Mahal.
Without a doubt, the Taj Mahal is a perfect model of the art in the world. Basically building flawless marble, the Taj Mahal in the moonlight gives the feeling of a reminding us of scenes in Wonderland. It is not only expressed deep memorial of Shah Jahan, the wife is also a gift to humans.Of the world seven architectural wonders behind a sad touching history, to understand its historical background, and can really increase the viewing of the Taj Mahal fun. The 17th century Mughal Emperor Sha Jahan to commemorate its Aifei A Ji Man Ballet slave, spent tens of thousands of workers built the mausoleum inlaid with precious stones, meticulous pattern of stunning. Taj Mahal, the most impressive main building is built from white marble puzzle, the imperial tombs of the up and down the neat symmetry about the central dome of six 12 m, amazing. Surrounded by four high about 41 meters steeple tower and the tower stands studded 30 five different types of semi-precious stones tombstones. The cemetery covers an area of 17 hectares, a slightly elongated shape of the circle, surrounded by a red sand stone walls, imported door to use the Red Rock puzzle built, about two stories tall, the top of the door on the back of each 10 is a typical white cone shaped small tower. The door has been leading to the burial chamber of Sha Jiehan king and the princess, the center of the room are placed the sarcophagus, strong serious Mu. The front of the Taj Mahal is one of the clear waterways, the waterways on both sides of planting fruit trees and cypress trees were a symbol of life and death.
Historical legendsIt is said Sha Jahan Chongfei A Ji Man Ballet slave is the real beauty of a man of Persian descent, gentle temperament, good lute painting and calligraphy. She was 21 years old and was married to King Jahangir Prince Kurram. Her marriage with the library Taj MahalRam through thick and thin, go together, traveling throughout the battlefield. 1628, Kurram inherit the throne after a bloody battle to own the name Sha Jahan, meaning the king of the world. Chong Fei A Ji Man Ballet slaves and therefore highest rank of the palace - the Taj Mahal. But did not last long, 1631, A Ji Man Ballet slave follow the Sha Jahan Nanzheng died in childbirth. At the age of 39. She married eighteen years, a total of Sha Jahan gave birth to 14 children. Survival of only four men and three women. A Ji Man Ballet death of slavery, so the Sha Jahan was heartbroken, he decided that the construction of Chong Fei one of the world's most beautiful tomb in order to express his thoughts on Chongfei. At the same time, ordered the court to two years for her mast to prohibit all recreational activities.In 1633, the Taj Mahal in the Sha Jahan selected the Yamuna corner of the northern India garden to start construction. Here in the Yamuna River, is very open, Shah Khan, saw far from Agra castle on the River. Architecture and jewelry most Shah Khan, love, so he chose marble Taj Mahal, and decorated with numerous precious stones inlaid in the marble to a very delicate craft. National as well as Persia, Turkey, Baghdad, architects, setters, the book Master carvers, masons working a total of more than 20,000 people participated in the construction of the Taj Mahal. This project has chosen its own marble, the precious stones, crystal and jade, emerald, agate in Baghdad and Yemen, Sri Lanka's gem, the Arab coral.In 1650, the Taj Mahal was built. Today has been 300 years, but it's brilliant and style no less. To the Taj Mahal, a high thirty meters, built with red sandstone at the top of a very grand arches of the seat octagonal show in front of the marble structure is very prominent, inlaid with beautiful flowers, together with the beautiful calligraphy .Taj Mahal is one of the wonders of the world. It presents a world of superb architectural design standards, and reflects the best of architectural art and style. Shah Khan, painstakingly built a vast, magnificent mausoleum at all costs for the Chong Fei, indicating he was the love of Chong Fei how deep. Shah Khan, Taj Mahal, built soon after the son of the abolition of the throne, was imprisoned in the castle, Agra, in his later years by afar the Taj Mahal every day to make ends meet, until the sad melancholy and died. After his death, together with Chong Fei was buried in the Taj Mahal. Taj Mahal is a great monument to love, it is the Emperor, the witness of love to the world about their love story.
Architectural styleThe idea and layout of the Taj Mahal fully reflects the solemn and imposing Islamic architectural art, the entire building philosophical, is a perfect art. All visitors regard this extraordinary masterpiece known as India's Treasure of the Indian people.Zhuang Hongwei shape end of this Islamic style of architecture, impeccable, the palace doors and windows, and Weiping white marble Loudiao for small grid of diamond lace the walls with jade, crystal, agate, red and green gem inlaid with colorful vines flowers.
Technology achievementsTaj Mahal process success lies first and foremost improve the overall layout of the buildings. Very simple layout, the tomb is the only composition center, it does not like Humana Yong Ling as living in the center of the square courtyard, but living in the end of the axis, to expand the square in front of grass, consequent, one into the second door, there is sufficient viewing distance, viewing angle is good, the elevation is about 1:4.5. The color of the buildings quiet bright, blue sky, the grass green holding a crystal white mausoleum and the tower, on both sides of the red ocher buildings, reflected particularly icy snow. Reflection of the clear, rippling in the clarity of the pond, a fountain, mist fans, it flashes quiver, prosperous and the whole prosperous and scattered, erratic changes, the scene in particular charm. Built a mausoleum for the dead, but actually filled with the joy of the happy life atmosphere.Taj Mahal's second achievement is the creation of the tomb itself is solemn and clear image. Stable and its composition stretch: wide pedestal, and the main roughly into a square cone, but the four towers and comprehensive outline ethereal, interspersed with green space penetrate through. Xilian of its shape: the geometry of each part of the clear, clear the relationship among the actual situation change is certainly not too trivial things, ambiguous things, honest and frank. Its harmony of proportion: the main part of broadly similar geometric relationship, for example, the tower (LMH) half of the nearly the distance between the two towers, the main facade, the central part of the high close to the total width of the facade part of the high half, both sides of the facade near the facade excluding half the width of the part of the wipe angle, the size, height, and thickness of the all-win should. It clear priorities: the dome command of the global maximum scale; middle of the concave Gallery is the center of the facade, followed by scale; concave on the sides and wiping angle bevel Gallery contrasting the fovea Gallery, scale; the four corners of working with the smallest scale, they in turn, bring out the central width of a large grand. In addition, the size of the concave Gallery level of advance and retreat, the lighting changes, the actual situation in control, lively skyline caused by the size of the dome and towers, domes and issued coupons and gentle curves, etc., make the tomb at the solemn memorial. cheerful and friendly personality.The third achievement of the Taj Mahal is the skilled use of the composition of the Law of Opposites, this very simple pure building rich. The subject and the rounded dome of the mausoleum square contrast strong in body, but they are unified: they have a consistent geometric accuracy, the outline of the main positive vouchers with the dome echoes, the width of the central part of the facade and the diameter of the dome is considerable. At the same time, the transition between the subject and the dome is very ingenuity: the main wiping angle, close to the circle; layout of a small dome in the four corners of the dome, they formed a square layout; small dome is round, they are below the pavilion but octagonal, with the main echoes. Four small dome in the dome similar to the outside of a good containing contrast: First, size and scale of comparison, contrasting the large dome is grand; Second, the comparison of the actual situation, contrasting the large dome of solemn. Fine high tower with the tomb itself, formed the strongest contrast to the tomb mapping score outside side everywhere grand. The same time, they unified: they have the same dome, they are concise and simple, containing a circle and straight form due to interaction; and they are closely related in composition, with high pedestal firmly holding, the rectangle formed by the two towers and the tomb of the main facade of the rectangular proportion is similar, and so on. In addition to contrasting the various parts of the appropriate contact, echoing, similarities and mutual penetration between them is very clear master-slave relationship to ensure the unity of integrity of the tomb.
Historical destinyWho have seen the Taj Mahal, its crystal white, exquisitely carved figure of the dumping. This is an all white marble palace-style cemetery, is a set of Islamic and Indian architectural art in one of the ancient classics. People reputation for India's pride, call it the world's eight wonders of the world. Throughout the ages, the number of men of letters, romantic celebrities praise her, praise her. However, the fate of the Taj Mahal is not as appreciation for those who want as good and successful. It has been built to date, as it buried in the Taj, as has been filled with sorrow and resentment. No wonder that the Indian poet Aung Tagore said, the Taj Mahal as "a drop of tears of love.About a century later built the Taj Mahal, the entire South Asian subcontinent became a colony of the British Empire. The conquerors not only plunder the wealth of India, but also to destroy its civilization. According to the disclosure of the "Taj Mahal," a book published shortly before the English, the Indian-colonial period, Delhi Red Fort has been converted into a munitions factory, in Agra, the castle was requisitioned as a barracks, Xikan de la Garden became a British engineer the nursing homes, while the Taj Mahal into a ballroom of the British youth entertainment. They also open up the Taj Mahal place for a picnic, will be a hammer, chisel with into the cutting of precious stones and pearls on the tomb in order to knock drunk eaten. What is more, the British Governor in India has also developed a plan to tear down the Taj Mahal auction, construction machinery has been moved into the cemetery. Later, in London the first time the auction failed, gave up this plan, the Taj Mahal fortunate enough to be preserved.Independent India, the Taj Mahal of course, became India's ordinary people can visit the attractions. However, due to the long-term neglect of environmental protection and endless low-level open, many parts of the Taj Mahal has been irreparable damage. Marble steps, wear and cracks, exquisite carvings and inlaid precious stones have been damaged. If the thousands of visitors continues to uncontrolled influx of mausoleum, Taj Mahal, the damage will be irreparable.
Building layoutTaj Mahal, the entire cemetery is a rectangular, 576 meters long and 293 meters wide, (the other information: hill north to south and 580 m, 305 m wide) of the total area of 170,000 square meters. Surrounded by a soongorica stone walls around. The center of the tomb, mausoleum east and west sides of the construction of these two styles of the mosques and the respondent Office of the same building, two buildings around the symmetric equilibrium, echoes. Tomb of the Quartet have a steeple, up to 40 m, 50 layers ladder is designed for Muslim imam Ten Level ascend on. The door and the tomb is connected by a wide, straight Redstone paved corridor, the symmetry of left and right sides, neat layout. In the corridor on both sides of the sidewalk to the middle of the sidewalk to build a "10"-shaped fountains. The front of the Taj Mahal is one of the clear waterways, the waterways on both sides of planting fruit trees and cypress trees were a symbol of life and death.The cemetery is divided into two courtyards: the forecourt of old trees, plants, aromatic, open and elegant; behind the courtyard area of the largest intersection in the square by a broad cross waterways, fountains. Fountain rows of nozzles, spray the water column cross-scattered, such as swimming dragon playing with a pearl. The backyard of the main building, is the famous mausoleum of the Taj. The base of the tomb for a 7 m high, 95 meters wide, and standing square of marble, the tomb of side length 60 m, the whole tomb was constructed entirely of white marble top is a huge sphere, the four corners stands up to 40 meters Round Tower, solemn. Arched door on the door of the symbol of wisdom, inscribed "the Koran. The central tomb stood two sarcophagi of the Taj and Sha Jahan, flashing gems. The palace living in the tomb of the middle of the four corners of each of the round tower, a tower slightly extrovert in order to prevent the tower dumping crushed Ling body. The upper part of the palace for a full towering dome, the lower part of the octagonal mausoleum wall, the upper and lower total height 74 m, placed on the four arches of the door frame with black marble top half of the scriptures of the Koran. Living quarters within an extremely fine carved by Chinese craftsman doors window lattice. Five chambers is divided into the palace, on flowers Jia Hui idea of Kit Kat with jewels set into the walls of the palace, palace more brilliant. The central octagonal hall is the center of the tomb, inlaid with bas-relief and exquisite gem on the wall. Center line are placed the tombstone of the Taj, the King of Sha Jahan's tombstone is located next to it.After the completion of Taj Mahal, a total length of 583 meters, 304 meters wide, is surrounded by a tightly surrounded soongorica stone walls. The whole mausoleum covers an area of 170,000 square meters. Mausoleum center, east and west sides, built in the same style of building: The first mosque, one respondent Hall. Tomb of the Quartet, each one up to the minaret of 40 meters, 50 ladder. This tower is designed for Muslims every day up the stairs, climb recite the Koran, and prayer to worship with.Taj Mahal, the most impressive main building is built from white marble puzzle, the imperial tombs of the up and down the neat symmetry about the central dome of six 12 m, amazing. Surrounded by four high about 41 meters steeple tower and the tower stands studded 30 five different types of semi-precious stones tombstones. The cemetery covers an area of 17 hectares, a slightly elongated shape of the circle, surrounded by a red sand stone walls, imported door to use the Red Rock puzzle built, about two stories tall, the top of the door on the back of each 10 is a typical white cone shaped small tower. The door has been leading to the burial chamber of Sha Jiehan king and the princess, the center of the room are placed the sarcophagus, strong serious Mu.The middle of the garden is a marble pool, the pool at the end of the tomb, with two empty sarcophagi, coffins and a small, Shah Jahan, the king and Queen's buried in the soil Kongguan at underground cavities. The tomb of the main hall of the four corners has a cylindrical tower an outward tilt of 12 degrees each tower. The tomb, a marble monument in the center inscribed a few lines of Persian: title palace leader Taj Mahal of the tomb. Standing in the center of the mausoleum next to the corridors of the stones, you can feel the strong echo of very misty endless. The rear lawn of the palace of the vineyard. The main building appearance to create the most advanced pure white marble, inside and outside inlaid with beautiful stones (crystal, jade, malachite), the front of the Taj Mahal is one of the clear waterways, the waterways on both sides of planting fruit trees and cypress trees, a symbol of life and death. Each side of the tomb has a 33-meter-high arches, the Mausoleum of the reflection pool, it looks like two Taj Mahal. Mosaic of Scripture, "invited the pure in heart, into the garden of paradise" phrase is the most prestigious. The mausoleum there is a fine doors window frames, legends from China's Ming Dynasty craftsmen carving. In the central palace room with a carved marble fence, which stood the world-famous Sha Jahan and Mumtaz two marble coffin, but this two sarcophagus is not true, because the true coffin is placed in another room in the basement underground.Coffin on more than 20 kinds of priceless gems of jade, agate, crystal, coral, malachite inlaid with delicate jasmine patterns, the process of fine, color is gorgeous, can be described as intricate, unparalleled. Appearance, because the whole tomb by the pure white marble, brick, into the day, with the strength of the sun in the dawn, noon and sunset, exposure in the tomb on the light and colors will be changing unpredictable, showing a different spectacle. Every night of the Elixir of Love, more charming scenery. As Sha Jahan built at the beginning, said: "If there is heaven and paradise on earth, the Taj Mahal is that this park."Taj Mahal in the early evening showing of the same face of the morning is bright golden, dazzling white during the day under the sun, sun sunset, the white Taj Mahal from the gray-yellow, golden yellow, and gradually turned into pink , dark red, cyan, and in the moonlight became a silver-white, vague shapes of faint blue fluorescence of white marble, the more people a Huangruo fairyland feeling. Some people say, do not look at the Taj Mahal, they have not been to India; not moonlight down to the Taj Mahal, they have not been to the Taj Mahal. November 27, 2004, the Taj Mahal conditional open to visitors night, tickets for up to 1500 rupees, the world's only an early evening tour fare is not the same attractions.Cemetery regardless of the idea of the layout is a perfect overall, it fully reflects the unique charm of solemn, imposing Islamic architectural art. Where this mausoleum, visited the visitors all sigh.
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